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Contains less than 0.25% carbon. Has tesile strenghth between 60,000 psi to 80,000 psi ( 410MPa to 550MPa). SAE Grade 2 (Metric class 4.6, 4.8 & 5.8) in this range fasteners are usually made out of low carbon steel with AISI grades 1006, 1010, 1016, 1018, 1022 & 1035 falling under this category.
Contains less than 0.25% carbon. Has a tensile strength between 60,000 psi to 80,000 psi ( 410MPa to 550MPa). SAE Grade 2 (Metric class 4.6, 4.8 & 5.8) fasteners are usually made out of low carbon steel with AISI grades 1006, 1010, 1016, 1018, 1022 & 1035 falling under this category.
Mentioned carbon steel catagorised material that has additives e.g. boron, manganese, chromium, silicon etc. Alloy steels have a tensile strength in excess of 150,000 psi (1 034MPa). SAE Grade5 (Metric class 1 0.9, 12.9) fasteners are usually manufactured out of alloy steels with Al SI grades 4137, 4140, 4340 & 5140 falling under this category.
It having a minimum of 10.5 % chromium content. The presence of chromium creates an invisible surface film (chromium oxide) that resists oxidation and makes the metal passive or corrosion resistant. If the surface layer is damaged, it rebuilds itself (self-repairs) in the presence of oxygen.
Have a chromium content of between 15% to 20% and nickel of between 5% to 19%. The tensile strength of austenitic stainless steel varies between 72,000 psi to 115,000 psi (500 MPa to 800 MPa). This category includes AISI grades 302, 303,304, 304L, 316, 32, 347 & 348.
Contain between 12% to 18% chromium, The tensile strength of Martensitic stainless steel varies between 72,000 psi & 160,000 psi ( 500 MPa & 1100 MPa). This martensitic stainless steels include AISI grades 410, 416, 420 & 431.
Contain between 15% to 18% chromium and is a non-heat-treatable, The tensile strength of ferritic stainless steel is about 65,000psi to 87,000 (450MPa to 600 MPa). It should not be used in situations where the likelihood of corrosion is high and includes grades 430 & 430F.
This is the most popular choice for fasteners amongst non-ferrous metals. The tensile strength of aluminum is between 13,000psi (90MPa) for pure aluminum up to 60,000psi (414MPa). Aluminum fasteners are usually manufactured from AISI grades 2024, 6061, 6262 & 7075.
lt is non-magnetic and cannot be hardened ether than by cold working. The tensile strength of pure copper is about 30,000 psi (207MPa).
Which is a composition of copper and zinc, is the most common copper based alloy. It is highly corrosion resistant and electrically conductive, however, its use as a fastener is somewhat limited due to its relative softness. Used primarily for its appearance.
Depending on its composition, silicon bronze possesses high tensile strength and is used primarily in marine applications for its high corrosion resistance, non-magnetic properties, rich appearance and ability to resist the corrosive action of salt water.
Fasteners made from nickel-copper alloys have a tensile strength of 80,000 psi ( 550 MPa) whilst those made from nickel-copper-aluminum alloys have a tensile strength of 1130,000 psi (896MPa). Nickel and high nickel alloy fasteners offer excellent performance and oxidation resistance at high temperatures.
Titanium is highly corrosion resistant to chemical agents and aggressive oxidizing substances used in the chemical industry. Fasteners manufactured from titanium can have tensile strengths in excess of 150,000psi (1034 Mpa).
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